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VENERA 9 MISSION RECONSTRUCTION

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A. ABOUT VENERA 9 Venera 9 (Russian: Венера-9 meaning Venus 9), manufacturer's designation: 4V-1 No. 660, was a Soviet unmanned space mission to Venus. It consisted of an orbiter and a lander. It was launched on June 8, 1975, at 02:38:00 UTC and had a mass of 4,936 kilograms (10,882 lb). The orbiter was the first spacecraft to orbit Venus, while the lander was the first to return images from the surface of another planet. Table 1. Overview Venera 9 Picture 1. Venera 9 Picture 2. Separation of Orbiter (Left) and Lander (right) from Venera 9 Venera 9 was launched at Cosmodrome 81/24, Kazakhstan (latitude 45.6232 ° N) on June 8, 1975 at 2:38:00 UTC using the Proton 8K82K launch vehicle and Blok D. Proton 8K82K is a Russian rocket with 3 levels (stage) and payload capacity 19,760 kg and added with Block D as the 4th level. Here are the details of the mass and specific impulses of Venera 9 (Payload) and the launch vehicle. Table 2. Details of Mass and Specifi
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TELKOM 4  Launch Process and Orbit Insertion On 7 August 2018 at 12.18 west Indonesia time, Merah Putih (Telkom 4) Satellite lifted off by Falcon 9 rocket successfully launch from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, USA. This rocket has 70 meter height and 3.6 meter in diameter, at the top of the rocket is where a capsule named “Dragon Spacecraft” located as a cargo room for the satellite Merah Putih to be stored during the launching process. The Merah Putih Satellite itself has a total mass of 5.8 ton which consist of 3.8 ton fuel and the rest of 2 ton is the satellite component. Photo Credit: Scott Schilke / SpaceFlight Insider The launching of this rocket has 3 steps, which is step 1, step 2, and fairing. The first one minute is the beginning of the launching process, at the 3 minutes mark the rocket has already moving with velocity more than 9000 km/h. At the 8 minutes mark the first rocket is released and return t
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